China Innovation: What Global Industries Still Get Wrong About Execution at Scale
DeepSeek released R1 in January 2025 with training costs a fraction of OpenAI’s o1. The team had fewer chips, lower-grade hardware, and US export restrictions limiting what they could buy. Their response was to rebuild the training architecture from scratch. CATL launched five new battery chemistries the same year and now holds 39.2 percent of […]
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